What is bacteriologically confirmed TB?

TB case definitions. A bacteriologically confirmed TB case is one from whom a biological specimen is positive by smear microscopy, culture or WHO-approved rapid diagnostics (such as Xpert MTB/RIF).

What is the incubation period of tuberculosis?

Incubation period: 2 to 10 weeks after the initial infection. The risk of disease after infection is highest in the first 2 years, but the bacteria can be carried in the body for many years before active disease develops. Most infected people never develop active disease. They remain with latent infection.

How is extrapulmonary TB diagnosed?

Body fluid examination. Although tissue biopsy is the most effective method of diagnosing EPTB, it is invasive and sometimes inaccessible. Consequently, more easily accessible body fluids, such as pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial fluids, can often provide valuable diagnostic clues in EPTB patients.

What are the symptoms of extrapulmonary TB?

Symptoms include fever, chills, weakness, malaise, and often progressive dyspnea. Intermittent dissemination of tubercle bacilli may lead to a prolonged fever of unknown origin (FUO).

WHO TB relapse definition?

12.1 Relapse TB relapse is defined as a patient who has become (and remained) culture negative while receiving therapy but after completion of therapy becomes: Culture positive again or. Has clinical or radiographic deterioration that is consistent with active tuberculosis.

How long is TB Quarantine?

Note: Home isolation is recommended for the initial three to five days of appropriate four-drug TB treatment.

Who is at risk for extrapulmonary TB?

It has been reported that host risk factors for EPTB include younger age, female sex and non-white race [27,28]. Another study conducted in Brazil including 606 patients showed that illiteracy, ethnicity and HIV were associated with EPTB [5].