What is endosperm culture?
Endosperm culture: It is the in vitro development of isolated mature or immature endosperm from seed at proper stage on a suitable culture medium to obtain triploid plantlet.
What are the applications of endosperm culture?
Application of endosperm culture The triploidy can be exploited in the crops viz. apple, banana, mulberry, sugarbeet, tea and watermelon where seeds are not of commercial importance. In some plants especially in clonally propagated ones triploids are superior to the diploids giving better pulp woods.
What are the tools used in tissue culture?
Basic Equipment
- Cell culture hood (i.e., laminar-flow hood or biosafety cabinet)
- Incubator (humid CO2 incubator recommended)
- Water bath.
- Centrifuge.
- Refrigerator and freezer (–20°C)
- Cell counter (e.g., Countess® II FL Automated Cell Counter or hemacytometer)
- Inverted microscope.
What are the three main components of tissue culture media?
Media composition. Plant tissue culture media should generally contain some or all of the following components: macronutrients, micronutrients, vitamins, amino acids or nitrogen supplements, source(s) of carbon, undefined organic supplements, growth regulators and solidifying agents.
What is in endosperm?
The endosperm is a triploid tissue composed of two maternal sets of chromosomes and one paternal set.
What is endosperm describe different types of endosperm?
ADVERTISEMENTS: Three main types of endosperm development in flowering plants are: (i) Nuclear type (ii) Cellular type and (iii) Helobial type! The formation of endosperm is initiated by mitotic divisions of the primary endosperm nucleus (3N). The formation of endosperm occurs usually prior to the zygotic division.
Why is endosperm culture important?
One of the advantages of endosperm culture is to produce triploids quickly from diploid plants. For example, when triploid plants are produced from diploid plants using conventional procedures, tetraploid plants must first be produced by colchicine and other chemical treatments.
Which instrument is used for sterilization of tissue culture medium?
Plant tissue culture media are generally sterilized by autoclaving at 121 °C and 1.05 kg/cm2 (15-20 psi).
What is culture vessels?
Culture vessels provide a contamination barrier to protect the cultures from the external environment while maintaining the proper internal environment. For anchorage-dependent cells, the vessels provide a suitable and consistent substrate for cell attachment.
What is MS media in tissue culture?
MS medium was originally formulated by Murashige and Skoog in 1962 to optimize tobacco callus bioassay system for facilitating the study of cytokinins. Since then, it is widely used for micro propagation, organ culture, callus culture and suspension culture.
What is white medium?
White medium is a defined medium, which consists of inorganic salts, vitamins and carbohydrate. Potassium nitrate and calcium nitrate serves as the nitrate sources. Sucrose serves as the carbohydrate source. Medium is devoid of agar; hence this component has to be added to the medium prior to use.
What is the role of endosperm?
The endosperm plays an important role in supporting embryonic growth by supplying nutrients, protecting the embryo and controlling embryo growth by acting as a mechanical barrier during seed development and germination.