Which inhaled anesthetic causes malignant hyperthermia?
Triggering Agents According to the Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States (MHAUS), the following agents approved for use in the U.S. are known triggers of MH: inhaled general anesthetics, halothane, desflurane, enflurane, ether, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and succinylcholine.
How does anesthesia cause malignant hyperthermia?
Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS) is caused by a genetic defect (mutation). The abnormal gene increases your risk of malignant hyperthermia when you’re exposed to certain anesthesia medications that trigger a reaction. The abnormal gene is most commonly inherited, usually from one parent who also has it.
Do local anesthetics trigger malignant hyperthermia?
Malignant hyperthermia is a genetically transmitted complication of general or local anesthesia, with a high mortality rate.
How is MH treated?
Immediate treatment of malignant hyperthermia includes:
- Medication. A drug called dantrolene (Dantrium, Revonto, Ryanodex) is used to treat the reaction by stopping the release of calcium into muscles.
- Oxygen. You may have oxygen through a face mask.
- Body cooling.
- Extra fluids.
- Supportive care.
What anesthesia is safe with malignant hyperthermia?
What anesthetic drugs are safe? Barbiturates, propofol, ketamine, etomidate, benzodiazepine, nitrous oxide, all the non depolarizing muscle relaxants, and all the local anesthetics are safe.
Can propofol trigger malignant hyperthermia?
Propofol may be a useful anesthetic in the management of malignant hyperthermia patients. It appears not to trigger malignant hyperthermia while providing stress-free conditions.
Can lidocaine trigger malignant hyperthermia?
It is important to note that malignant hyperthermia can be caused by lidocaine and amide-linked local anesthetics.
What is malignant hyperthermia in anesthesia?
Overview Malignant hyperthermia is a severe reaction to certain drugs used for anesthesia. This severe reaction typically includes a dangerously high body temperature, rigid muscles or spasms, a rapid heart rate, and other symptoms. Without prompt treatment, the complications caused by malignant hyperthermia can be fatal.
Which drugs are used to treat malignant hyperthermia?
Dantrolene was introduced in 1979, and since then is the only drug effective in the management of malignant hyperthermia.
What is Anetseder’s test for malignant hyperthermia?
Anetseder M, Hager M, Müller CR, Roewer N. Diagnosis of susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia by use of a metabolic test. Lancet.
What happens if malignant hyperthermia is not treated?
If not treated promptly, malignant hyperthermia can result in major complications, such as: Muscle injury that breaks down muscle tissue and releases contents into the blood (rhabdomyolysis)