What is staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome?
Toxic shock syndrome is a rare, life-threatening complication of certain types of bacterial infections. Often toxic shock syndrome results from toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus (staph) bacteria, but the condition may also be caused by toxins produced by group A streptococcus (strep) bacteria.
What are the 3 major criteria of toxic shock syndrome?
CDC Criteria for toxic shock syndrome and STSS Low blood pressure (including fainting or dizziness on standing) Widespread red flat rash. Shedding of skin, especially on palms and soles, 1–2 weeks after onset of illness.
What toxin causes staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome?
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is caused by exotoxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Although classically described as occurring with tampon use, TSS may occur after many staphylococcal or streptococcal soft-tissue infections.
How is staphylococcal toxic shock transmitted?
TSS is a complication of infection and cannot be spread to others. However, the bacteria that cause the infections that can lead to TSS, S. aureus and Streptococcus, can be spread from person-to-person through direct contact.
What is the pathophysiology of toxic shock syndrome?
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is caused from intoxication by one of several related Staphylococcus aureus exotoxins. The most commonly implicated toxins include TSS toxin type-1 (TSST-1) and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Almost all cases of menstrual TSS and half of all the nonmenstrual cases are caused by TSST-1.
What antibiotics treat TSS?
The usually prescribed antibiotics are nafcillin, oxacillin, and first generation cephalosporin. Nafcillin or oxacillin (2 g q4h) is generally recommended. Vancomycin can be used in penicillin-allergic patients. These agents have been known to increase TSST-1 in culture possibly by cell lysis.
What cells are involved in toxic shock syndrome?
Abstract. Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a potentially fatal illness caused by infection with the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. TSS toxin-1 (TSST-1) contains a T-cell epitope with specificity for human V-beta-2.
What is the most common cause of toxic shock syndrome?
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is caused by either staphylococcus or streptococcus bacteria. These bacteria normally live on the skin and in the nose or mouth without causing harm, but if they get deeper into the body they can release toxins that damage tissue and stop organs working.
How can you prevent toxic shock syndrome?
Reducing the risk of toxic shock syndrome
- Change tampons regularly (at least every four hours).
- Avoid using super-absorbent tampons.
- Only unwrap the tampon if you are going to use it immediately.
- Do not handle the tampon more than you need to.
- Wash your hands thoroughly before and after inserting the tampon.
Is toxic shock syndrome curable?
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare but very serious infection. TSS is a medical emergency. So it’s important to know how to prevent it and what signs to watch for. With prompt treatment, it’s usually cured.
What is the scientific name for toxic shock syndrome?
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is a disease defined as an infection with Streptococcus pyogenes accompanied by sudden onset of shock, organ failure, and frequently death.
What bacteria causes toxic shock syndrome?
The following bacteria commonly cause TSS:
- Staphylococcus aureus.
- Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Clostridium sordellii.