What is the subcapsular sinus of a lymph node?

The subcapsular sinus is the space between the capsule and the cortex, which allows the transportation of the lymphatic fluid.; this is also called the lymph path, the lymph sinus, or the marginal sinus. The subcapsular sinus is present beneath the capsule and is traversed by both reticular fibers and cells.

What are the 2 types of cells found in the subcapsular sinus?

Sinus macrophages are not uniform across the entire LN; they can be subdivided into two major populations: the subcapsular sinus (SCS) macrophages and the medullary sinus macrophages according to their anatomical location in the LN (Figure 1).

Do medullary sinuses have macrophages?

The medulla also contains macrophages that reside outside the sinuses, situated within the medullary cords. Another macrophage type present in reactive LNs, though not unique to these organs, is the tingible body macrophage, which has a specialized role in the uptake of apoptotic cells within germinal centers.

What cell types are found in subcapsular space?

The subcapsular sinus is lined by a layer of endothelial cells. Beneath the endothelial cells are macrophages that retrieve antigen from the lymph in the subcapsular sinus.

What are macrophages in lymph nodes?

These macrophages are the frontline of immune defense that interact with lymph-borne antigens. The importance of these macrophages in limiting the spread of pathogens has been demonstrated in both viral and bacterial infection.

Where are macrophages found in lymph nodes?

1. Macrophages residing in the lymph node sinuses. LN MΦ can be categorized according to their location: the sinus resident MΦ are in direct contact with the lymph while the parenchymal MΦ are found in the B follicles, T cell zone and medullary cords.

What is in the subcapsular sinus?

Subcapsular sinus macrophages are the first layer of cells in the draining lymph node that capture and retain lymph-borne pathogens from entering the lymph node parenchyma likely via the interaction between CD169 and its ligand, α2,3-linked sialic acids, expressed on the surface of cells or microbes.

What is the subcapsular sinus?

Are macrophages in the medulla?

What is the difference between dendritic cells and macrophages?

Macrophages refer to a type of white blood cells that surround and kill microorganisms, remove dead cells, and stimulate the activity of other immune system cells. Dendritic cells refer to a special type of immune cells that boost immune responses by showing antigens on its surface to other cells of the immune system.

Where are macrophages in lymph nodes?

What is the function of subcapsular sinus macrophages?

Subcapsular Sinus (SCS) Macrophages Bridge Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses. In addition to their well-known function in retention of intact antigen on their surface for presentation to B cells, SCS macrophages also activate and recruit innate effector and adaptive immune cells to the subcapsular niche.

What can Intravital imaging tell us about the subcapsular sinus?

Intravital imaging and single-cell sequencing technologies have revealed that the floor of the subcapsular sinus (SCS; see Glossary) in the murine lymph node is populated by a diverse range of innate and adaptive memory cells and supporting stromal cells.

Does neutrophil depletion disrupt the SCS macrophage layer?

However, neutrophil depletion had no effect on the disruption of the SCS macrophage layer following inflammation via CpG stimulation [35] or UV-inactivated influenza virus infection [36], suggesting that other mechanisms were involved.

What is the subcapsular niche in the lymph node?

SCS macrophages, lymphatic endothelial cells, and marginal reticular cells create the subcapsular niche in the lymph node that acts as a barrier to pathogen entry. Innate effector cells and adaptive memory cells are pre-positioned in the subcapsular niche.